Bridges Lab Protocols - User contributions [en]

SOP - Vacuum Pumps

2019-02-17T21:32:39Z

Nlambrec: /* Training of Personnel */

[[Category: SOP]]
[[Category: Lab Safety]]

==Description==
This standard operating procedure outlines the handling and use of vacuum pumps. In accordance with this document, laboratories should use appropriate controls, personal protective equipment, and disposal techniques when working with vacuum pumps.

Vacuum pumps are commonly used in a variety of experimental setups to remove air and other vapors from a vessel or system. Applications that use vacuum pumps include rotary evaporators, vacuum ovens, drying manifolds, freeze-dryers, aspirators, desiccators, and filtration equipment. Many vacuum pumps use oil which can be easily contaminated and result in pump damage and hazards.

==Potential Hazards==
Vacuum pumps can pose chemical, mechanical, electrical, and fire hazards. Chemical exposure can occur from improper installing, trapping, and exhausting or from off gassing of contaminated pump oil. Mechanical hazards can occur from the moving parts of the vacuum pump. Fire can result if the pump malfunctions or overheats and ignites nearby combustible materials. Electrocution can occur from faulty or defective switches and wiring.

==Engineering Controls==
Vacuum pumps used to evacuate systems containing toxic, volatile, or corrosive substances must be vented to the building exhaust ventilation system. Whenever possible locate pump in vacuum pump cabinet or a ventilated cabinet. Ensure that pumps have belt guards. Traps such as a cold trap should be used in line with high vapor loads to minimize the amount of volatile chemicals being evacuated and reaching the pump oil. Ensure the cold trap is appropriate for situation and follows all manufacturer and safety guidelines.

==Work Practice Controls==
===General:===
* Place pump on spill tray to contain oil spills if the equipment fails.
* Shield any glassware under vacuum.
===Physical:===
* Ensure all vacuum pump belt systems are guarded.
* Electrical cords and switches must be free from defects.
* Avoid placing pumps in an unventilated and enclosed receptacle.
* Do not operate pumps near combustible materials.
* Use correct vacuum tubing and replace old tubing.
===Chemical:===
* Use engineering controls to avoid exposure.
* Ensure pump oil is compatible with vapors that will pass through the pump (i.e. avoid hydrocarbon pump oil and oxidizing gases/vapors).
* Close valve between vessel and pump before turning off pump to avoid introducing oil into system.
* Ensure gases or vapors will not damage the pump.
* If cold traps are used, check for blockage.
* Check oil levels and change oil when necessary. Change oil when it begins to turn a dark brown color.
* An oil mist separator can be used to prevent oil loss.

==Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)==
Wear safety glasses, lab coat, long pants, close-toed shoes and gloves when performing all vacuum operations.

==Transportation and Storage==
Vacuum pumps must be stored on spill trays to prevent oil spills. Vacuum pump areas may be insulated for noise, if necessary.

==Waste Disposal==
All used vacuum pump oils must be dispose of through OSEH.

Do not dispose of chemical wastes by dumping them down a sink, flushing in a toilet or discarding in regular trash containers, unless authorized by OSEH Hazardous Materials Management (HMM). Contact OSEH-HMM at (734) 763-4568 for waste containers, labels, manifests, waste collection and for any questions regarding proper waste disposal. Also refer to OSEH’s Hazardous Waste webpage for more information.

==Exposures/Unintended Contact==

If the employee is in need of emergency medical attention, call 911 immediately.

Contact OSEH for advice on symptoms of chemical exposure, or assistance in performing an exposure assessment.

Report all work related accidents, injuries, illnesses or exposures to WorkConnections within 24 hours by completing and submitting the Illness and Injury Report Form. Follow the directions on the WorkConnections website Forms Instructions to obtain proper medical treatment and follow-up.

Complete the OSEH Laboratory Incident and Near-Miss Report form.

===TREATMENT FACILITIES:===
===U-M Occupational Health Services -- Campus Employees===
Mon-Fri 7:30 am - 4:30 pm
After hours - go to UM Hospital Emergency Dept. – Urgent Care Clinic
C380 Med Inn building
1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor (734) 764-8021
===University Health Services -- University students (non-life threatening conditions)===
Mon-Fri 8 am – 4:30 pm, Sat 9 am – 12 pm
Contact for current hours as they may vary
207 Fletcher Street, Ann Arbor (734) 764-8320
===UMHS Emergency Department -- after clinic hours or on weekends===
1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, (734) 936-6666
Click here for additional accident and injury reporting information.

==Spill Procedure==
A minor (small) chemical spill is one that the laboratory staff is capable of handling safely without the assistance of safety and emergency personnel, i.e., less than 1 Gallon or 3.5 Liters. A major/large chemical spill requires active assistance from emergency personnel.

For small oil spills, treat the oil as a hazardous chemical spill. Use appropriate absorbent and dispose of as hazardous waste. For large oil spills contact OSEH-HMM at (734) 763-4568.

* When a spill occurs, personal safety should always come first.
* Alert and clear everyone in the immediate area where the spill occurred.

Additional Spill Response Steps:

===MINOR CHEMICAL SPILL===
* Alert people in immediate area of spill.
* If spilled material is flammable, turn off ignition and heat sources. Don’t light Bunsen burners or turn on other switches.
* Open outside windows, if possible.
* Wear protective equipment, including safety goggles, gloves and long-sleeve lab coat.
* Avoid breathing vapors from spill.
* Confine spill to as small an area as possible.
* Do not wash spill down the drain.
* Use appropriate spill kits/sorbents to absorb spill. Collect contaminated materials and residues and place in container. Contact OSEH-HMM (734) 763-4568 for proper disposal.
* Clean spill area with water.

===MAJOR CHEMICAL SPILL===
* Attend to injured or contaminated persons and remove them from exposure.
* Alert people in the laboratory to evacuate.
* If spilled material is flammable, turn off ignition and heat sources. Don’t light Bunsen burners or turn on other switches.
* Call University of Michigan Division of Public Safety and Security (DPSS) at 911 immediately for assistance.
* Close doors to affected area.
* Post warnings to keep people from entering the area.
* Have person available that has knowledge of incident and laboratory to assist emergency personnel.

Additional Spill Links:
* www.oseh.umich.edu/pdf/chemspil.pdf
* http://www.oseh.umich.edu/emer-chemical.shtml.

Report all emergencies, suspicious activity, injuries, spills, and fires to the University of Michigan Division of Public Safety and Security (DPSS) by calling 911 or texting 377911. Register with the University of Michigan Emergency Alert System via Wolverine Access.

==Training of Personnel==
All personnel are required to complete the General Laboratory Safety Training session (BLS025w or equivalent) via OSEH’s My LINC website. Furthermore, all personnel shall read and fully adhere to this SOP when working with vacuum pumps.

Certification
I have read and understand the above SOP. I agree to contact my Supervisor or Lab Manager if I plan to modify this procedure. Sign by logging in and typing <nowiki>* ~~~~</nowiki> in the list below:

Prior Approval required – Is this procedure hazardous enough to warrant prior approval from the Laboratory Director? ☐ YES X NO

*[[User:Mollyec|Mollyec]] ([[User talk:Mollyec|talk]]) 16:18, 31 October 2016 (UTC)
*[[User:Iharvey|Iharvey]] ([[User talk:Iharvey|talk]]) 21:27, 10 November 2016 (UTC)
*[[User:Snyderds|Snyderds]] ([[User talk:Snyderds|talk]]) 19:56, 7 June 2017 (UTC)
*[[User:Reddj|Reddj]] ([[User talk:Reddj|talk]]) 14:05, 9 June 2017 (UTC)
* [[User:Elhabbal|Elhabbal]] ([[User talk:Elhabbal|talk]]) 22:25, 12 June 2017 (UTC)
*[[User:Nlambrec|Nlambrec]] ([[User talk:Nlambrec|talk]]) 21:32, 17 February 2019 (UTC)

Laboratory Director - Dave Bridges Revision Date - 2016-10-19

SOP - Biosafety Cabinets

2019-02-17T21:31:31Z

Nlambrec: /* Certification */

[[ Category: SOP ]]
[[ Category: Lab Safety]]
=Description=
This standard operating procedure outlines the use of biosafety cabinets. Review this document and supply the information required in order to make it specific to your laboratory. In accordance with this document, laboratories should use appropriate administrative controls and personal protective equipment using biosafety cabinets.

Biological Safety Cabinets, (BSCs), also known as tissue culture hoods, are designed to provide personnel, environmental and product protection when appropriate practices and procedures are followed. Class II BSCs rely on directional movement of air to provide containment. Airflow is drawn into the front grille of the cabinet, providing personnel protection. The most commonly used BSC is a Class II A2. This type of cabinet is not suitable for volatile solvents.

BSC installation, required annual certification, decontamination and maintenance must be done by certified (accredited by the National Sanitation Foundation) professionals or by a certified OSEH technician. Maintenance and certification will be done in accordance with OSEH Engineering Controls Standard of Care #1-6.

=Work Practice Controls=
==Personal Protective Equipment:==
• Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) must be worn. Lab coats must be buttoned. Gloves should be pulled over the wrists of lab coat, not worn inside coat. Additional PPE to be used as recommended.

==Preparing BSC for work:==
• Confirm BSC annual (within 12 months) certification is current; information found on sticker on front of BSC.

• Operate cabinet blowers at least 3-5 minutes before beginning work to allow the BSC to “purge” particulates.

• Use 70% ethanol to clean work surface of BSC and to disinfect any glass, etc. that is being used; amount of alcohol in BSC must be for only one day’s work.

==Working in the BSC:==
¥ When working in the cabinet, move arms in and out slowly, perpendicular to the face opening to reduce disruption of air curtain.

¥ Perform all operations at least 4 inches from the front grille on the work surface.

¥ For BSC clean-up, apply 70% ethanol using wipes vs. spray bottles to minimize solvent vapor concentrations being re-circulated in the hood. Cabinet sash to remain open to allow for alcohol evaporation; sash can be lowered after sufficient time. The recommended minimum time for sash opening is 10 minutes.

¥ Do not bring potentially contaminated materials out of the cabinet until they have been surface decontaminated.

¥ Disposable underpads can be placed on the work surface but must not cover the front or rear grille openings. The use of toweling facilitates routine cleanup and reduces splatter and aerosol generation during an overt spill.

¥ Place all material as far back in the cabinet as practical, toward the rear edge of the work surface and away from the front grille of the cabinet.

¥ Place aerosol-generating equipment (e.g. vortex mixers, tabletop centrifuges) toward the rear of the cabinet.

¥ The workflow should be from “clean to dirty”. Materials and supplies should be placed in the cabinet in such a way as to limit the movement of “dirty” items over “clean” ones.

==Open Flames in a BSC:==
• Open flames in BSC are not to be used.

• If a researcher requests to use open flames, OSEH personnel will meet with the researcher and discuss issues and solutions.

• If it is deemed absolutely necessary for the work being done, use a pilotless burner or safety touch-plate microburners to provide a flame on demand. Refer to OSEH Advisory Use of Bunsen Burners in Biological Safety Cabinets for guidance.

• The University of Michigan has taken a strong stance against the use of gas burners or alcohol flames in BSC. This decision has been made in accordance with recommendations from numerous agencies. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that “open-flames are not required in the near microbe-free environment of a biological safety cabinet” and create “turbulence which disrupts the pattern of air supplied to the work surface," jeopardizing the sterility of the work area. This is also the recommendation of the World Health Organization (WHO) as well as the major BSC manufacturers.

• Early microbiologists had to rely on open flames to ensure sterility. With the advancement of modern technology, including the introduction of the BSC, the use of an open flame is no longer necessary.

==UV Lights in a BSC:==
The Center for Disease Control (CDC) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) agree that UV lamps are not recommended nor required in BSC. UV lamps must be turned off when the room is occupied to protect eyes and skin from UV exposure, which can burn the cornea and cause skin cancer. Proper use and cleaning of BSC negates any need for the use of UV lamps. Numerous factors affect the activity of the germicidal effect of UV light, which require regular cleaning, maintenance and monitoring to ensure germicidal activity.

=Protective Equipment=
Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) must be worn. Lab coats must be buttoned. Gloves should be pulled over the wrists of lab coat, not worn inside coat. Additional PPE to be used as recommended.

Note: Respirators are masks designed to protect the wearer from specific airborne hazards and are different from surgical masks, which protect the wearer only from splashes and are primarily intended to protect others from infectious aerosols exhaled by the wearer. Respirator use requires employee participation in the Respiratory Protection Program, which involves medical clearance and annual fit testing and training. Please be clear about use of surgical masks versus respirators. (Do NOT use the vague term “masks”).

=Waste Disposal=
A vacuum flask system is required to provide protection to the central building vacuum system or vacuum pump and to personnel who service the equipment. The figure below illustrates a proper set-up for handling liquid waste.

--missing picture--
The left suction flask (A) is used to collect the contaminated fluids into a suitable decontamination solution; the right flask (B) serves as a fluid overflow collection vessel. An in-line HEPA filter (C) is used to protect the vacuum system (D) from microorganisms.

• Connect the primary flask to an overflow collection flask and to an in-line HEPA filter.

• Both flasks shall contain an appropriate disinfectant for the material used.

• The vacuum flasks may be set up within the cabinet; however, to save room, the system can be placed on the floor beneath or next to the BSC, using a secondary container to contain the flasks and a longer hose connection to the vacuum system.

• Once inactivation occurs, liquid materials can be disposed of as noninfectious waste in the sink. Empty the waste from the flask when it reaches no higher than ¾ full. Replace the flask with fresh disinfectant.

Questions regarding waste pick up should be directed to OSEH Hazardous Materials Management (HMM) at (734) 763-4568. This office can also assist you in minimizing waste generation, providing waste containers, labels, and manifests.

=Exposures/Unintended Contact=

If the employee is in need of emergency medical attention, call 911 immediately.

Contact OSEH for advice on symptoms of chemical exposure, or assistance in performing an exposure assessment.

Report all work related accidents, injuries, illnesses or exposures to WorkConnections within 24 hours by completing and submitting the Illness and Injury Report Form. Follow the directions on the WorkConnections website Forms Instructions to obtain proper medical treatment and follow-up.

Complete the OSEH Laboratory Incident and Near-Miss Report form.

===TREATMENT FACILITIES:===
U-M Occupational Health Services -- Campus Employees
Mon-Fri 7:30 am - 4:30 pm

After hours - go to UM Hospital Emergency Dept. – Urgent Care Clinic
C380 Med Inn building
1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor (734) 764-8021

University Health Services -- University students (non-life threatening conditions)
Mon-Fri 8 am – 4:30 pm, Sat 9 am – 12 pm
Contact for current hours as they may vary
207 Fletcher Street, Ann Arbor (734) 764-8320

UMHS Emergency Department -- after clinic hours or on weekends
1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, (734) 936-6666

Click here for additional accident and injury reporting information.

=Spill Procedure=
• When a spill occurs, personal safety should always come first.

• Alert and clear everyone in the immediate area where the spill occurred.

A minor (small) biological spill is one that the laboratory staff is capable of handling safely without the assistance of safety and emergency personnel, i.e., low concentration of infectious material that has high infectious dose small volume less than 1 Liter. A major/large biological spill, i.e., high concentration of infectious material that has low infectious dose, regardless of volume outside of BSC --may require active assistance from emergency personnel if volume is significant.

==Spill Response Steps:==

===MINOR or MAJOR BIOLOCIAL SPILL in BSC===
• BSC must be operating to provide user protection.

• Alert people in immediate area of spill.

• Wear protective equipment, including safety goggles, gloves and long-sleeve lab coat.

• Decontaminate all surfaces and items before removing from BSC.

• Cover spill with paper towel then saturate covered spill with disinfectant.

• Allow disinfectant 20 minutes of contact time before wiping up spill.

• Use tongs/forceps to pick up paper towel for disposal.

• Clean spill area with fresh towels soaked in disinfectant.

• Collect all waste materials in autoclave bag and autoclave using appropriate procedures.

• Clean spill area with water or 70% ethanol to preserve integrity of BSC.

• Allow cabinet to run an additional 10 minutes before resuming work or shutting down.

===MAJOR BIOLOGICAL SPILL outside BSC===
• Attend to injured or contaminated persons and remove them from exposure.

• Alert people in the laboratory to evacuate.

• Close doors to affected area.

• Post warnings to keep people from entering the area.

• Have person available that has knowledge of agents in use, incident, and laboratory to assist emergency personnel if assistance is requested.

• Wear PPE (gloves, lab coat, eye and respiratory protection).

• Cover spill with paper towel and saturate spill with disinfectant.

• Allow disinfectant 20 minutes of contact time before wiping up spill.

• Use tongs/forceps to pick up paper towel for disposal.

• Clean spill area with fresh towels soaked in disinfectant.

• Collect all waste materials in autoclave bag and autoclave using appropriate procedures.

Additional Spill Links:
• www.oseh.umich.edu/pdf/chemspil.pdf

• http://www.oseh.umich.edu/emer-chemical.shtml.

Report all emergencies, suspicious activity, injuries, spills, and fires to the University of Michigan Division of Public Safety and Security (DPSS) by calling 911 or texting 377911. Register with the University of Michigan Emergency Alert System via Wolverine Access.

=Training of Personnel=
All personnel are required to complete the General Laboratory Safety Training session (BLS025w or equivalent) via OSEH’s My LINC website. Furthermore, all personnel shall read and fully adhere to this SOP when working within a BSC.

=Certification=
I have read and understand the above SOP. I agree to contact my Supervisor or Lab manager if I plan to modify this procedure.

*[[User:Iharvey|Iharvey]] ([[User talk:Iharvey|talk]]) 19:56, 10 November 2016 (UTC)
* [[User:Elhabbal|Elhabbal]] ([[User talk:Elhabbal|talk]]) 22:18, 12 June 2017 (UTC)
*[[User:Mollyec|Mollyec]] ([[User talk:Mollyec|talk]]) 14:51, 13 June 2017 (UTC)
*[[User:Reddj|Reddj]] ([[User talk:Reddj|talk]]) 16:51, 12 October 2017 (UTC)
*[[User:Nlambrec|Nlambrec]] ([[User talk:Nlambrec|talk]]) 21:31, 17 February 2019 (UTC)

Prior Approval required – Is this procedure hazardous enough to warrant prior approval from the Principal Investigator? ☐ YES ☐ NO

Principal Investigator

SOP - Autoclave

2019-02-17T21:27:56Z

Nlambrec: /* Certification */

[[Category: SOP]]
[[Category: Lab Safety]]

==Description==
This standard operating procedure outlines the use of autoclaves
Autoclaves are used to sterilize equipment through a process that incorporates high pressure and high temperature.

==Potential Hazards==
Autoclaves pose several potential hazards to labs who frequently use them. Among the physical hazards are heat, steam, and high pressure. Biological hazards, including improperly autoclaved infectious materials, are also present.

Controls for different brands of autoclaves may have their own unique characteristics for loading, load sizes, cycle types and cycle settings. The type of materials to be sterilized will determine the sterilization cycle that will be used. For this reason it is important to read and understand the user’s manual for the specific model of autoclave that is being used prior to first time use. Always ensure that the user’s manual is readily available in case questions or concerns arise during the operation of the autoclave.

==Engineering Controls==
Autoclave monitoring and maintenance is an important aspect of a safe and properly functioning autoclave. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for preventive maintenance and ensure that all contractors hired to perform regular maintenance and repairs are approved by the manufacturer. Autoclave operators shall ensure that each autoclave is monitored as follows:

Heat Sensitive Tape Monitoring – Operators shall use heat sensitive sterilization indicator tape for each load to indicate that the load has undergone an effective steam sterilization process.
* Change on autoclave tape means the proper temperature was achieved, but does not mean that temperature was maintained for the proper length of time.
* Place a small piece of autoclave tape on each bottle and tip box.
Biological Indicators – Operators who autoclave medical/biohazardous waste need to do the following:
* At least once a month use a biological indicator such as Bacillus Stearothermophilus (e.g. Prospore2) placed at the center of a load processed under standard operating conditions to confirm the attainment of adequate sterilization conditions.
==Work Practice Controls==
Do not autoclave items containing corrosives, solvents, volatiles or radioactive materials.

===Prior to loading===
* Before using the autoclave, be sure previous users have cleared the autoclave, and that no broken items have been left inside.
* Check to be sure the drain is clear.
* Verify that the interior of the autoclave is in usable condition.

===Loading===
* Carefully load items to be autoclaved, DO NOT overload the autoclave.
* Bottles containing liquids should be placed inside a heat resistant plastic tray (secondary container) containing an inch of water.
* Bottles should not be filled more than 2/3.
* Keep 1-2 inches of space between bottles.
* DO NOT tighten caps on bottles fully.
* Individual glassware pieces should be within a secondary container on a shelf or rack and never placed directly on the autoclave chamber bottom or floor.
* Make sure that the door of the autoclave is fully closed and latched and ensure that the correct cycle for the items being autoclaved has been selected before starting the cycle.

===Opening===
* Wear the proper PPE, including autoclave gloves and close toed shoes when opening the autoclave door after a cycle.
* When the cycle is complete, open the door slowly to minimize exposure to steam. Keep appendages away from the opening.

===When autoclaving liquids:===
* When running an autoclave cycle with liquids, choose the liquid cycle setting.
* To prevent bottles from shattering during the pressurization, the caps of containers with liquids must be loosened before loading.
* Use only borosilicate glass (Pyrex™ or Kimax™).
* Use a secondary container with a solid bottom and walls to contain the contents and catch spills.
* Set a timer to come and unload the autoclave, to ensure it is available for use by other labs.
* Wait 10 minutes after the cycle ends before removing autoclaved liquid load items.
* Let the liquids stand for at least a full hour before touching with ungloved hands. Be sure to let others in the area know that a heat hazard is present.

===When autoclaving dry loads:===
* Add ¼ to ½ inch of water to the tray so that the bottles will heat evenly. Do not fully tighten bottle caps, this could lead to the bottle shattering. Loose caps allow in inside of the bottle to be sterilized.
* Check plastic materials to ensure that they are compatible with being autoclaved.
* Choose the dry porous materials cycle.
* Set a timer to come and unload the autoclave, to ensure it is available for use by other labs.
* Before removing autoclaved items, wait 5 minutes after the cycle ends for loads containing only dry glassware.
* For dry loads, let the glassware cool for a minimum of 15 minutes before touching it with ungloved hands.

==Protective Equipment (PPE)==
Wear the proper PPE, including heat resistant gloves, and close toed shoes when opening the autoclave door after a cycle.
==Waste Disposal==
Place waste in a university approved autoclave bag; avoid over packing of autoclave bags. Do not seal bags or close bottles and other containers tightly. After sterilization cycle, close and seal bag. The sterilized waste can be transported directly to the dumpster by Building Services or laboratory staff without boxing or labeling. Contact OSEH-HMM at (734) 763-4568 for waste containers, labels, manifests, waste collection and for any questions regarding proper waste disposal. Also refer to OSEH’s Hazardous Waste webpage for more information.

==Exposures/Unintended Contact==

If the employee is in need of emergency medical attention, call 911 immediately.

Discontinue use immediately if an autoclave is not working properly. Post a sign alerting others not to use the autoclave. Mechanical failures need to be attended to by a trained technician, DO NOT try to fix it yourself. Contact facilities to have it repaired.
If you are burned, you should seek medical treatment immediately. Burns to the face, third- degree burns or burns over large areas of the body should be treated as emergencies. (Call 911). Minor burns should be treated by using first aid procedures, including immersing the burn in cool water immediately, removing clothing from the burn area and keeping the injured area cool for at least 5 minutes. Regardless of the severity, notify your Laboratory Director/Supervisor!

Contact OSEH for advice on symptoms of chemical exposure, or assistance in performing an exposure assessment.

Report all work related accidents, injuries, illnesses or exposures to WorkConnections within 24 hours by completing and submitting the Illness and Injury Report Form. Follow the directions on the WorkConnections website Forms Instructions to obtain proper medical treatment and follow-up.

Complete the OSEH Laboratory Incident and Near-Miss Report form.

====TREATMENT FACILITIES:====
====U-M Occupational Health Services -- Campus Employees====
Mon-Fri 7:30 am - 4:30 pm
After hours - go to UM Hospital Emergency Dept. – Urgent Care Clinic
C380 Med Inn building
1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor (734) 764-8021
====University Health Services -- University students (non-life threatening conditions)====
Mon-Fri 8 am – 4:30 pm, Sat 9 am – 12 pm
Contact for current hours as they may vary
207 Fletcher Street, Ann Arbor (734) 764-8320
====UMHS Emergency Department -- after clinic hours or on weekends====
1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, (734) 936-6666
Click here for more information.

Report all emergencies, suspicious activity, injuries, spills, and fires to the University of Michigan Division of Public Safety and Security (DPSS) by calling 911 or texting 377911. Register with the University of Michigan Emergency Alert System via Wolverine Access.

==Training of personnel==
All personnel are required to complete the Autoclave Safety training online through MyLINC (Course BLS013w). All users shall be trained before operating an autoclave; the Laboratory Director/Supervisor is responsible for ensuring that each person in the lab is appropriately trained. All training must be documented and the records maintained in the lab with other safety training certificates. The Laboratory Director/Supervisor is encouraged to use this policy as a guide for training new personnel.

==Certification==
I have read and understand the above SOP. I agree to contact my Supervisor or Lab manager if I plan to modify this procedure. Sign by logging in and typing <nowiki>* ~~~~</nowiki> in the list below:
*[[User:Mollyec|Mollyec]] ([[User talk:Mollyec|talk]]) 16:13, 19 October 2016 (UTC)
* [[User:Davebridges|Davebridges]] ([[User talk:Davebridges|talk]]) 14:53, 8 November 2016 (UTC)
*[[User:Pfeiferl|Pfeiferl]] ([[User talk:Pfeiferl|talk]]) 18:11, 5 June 2017 (UTC)
* [[User:Snyderds|Snyderds]] ([[User talk:Snyderds|talk]]) 19:43, 7 June 2017 (UTC)
*[[User:Reddj|Reddj]] ([[User talk:Reddj|talk]]) 14:04, 9 June 2017 (UTC)
* [[User:Elhabbal|Elhabbal]] ([[User talk:Elhabbal|talk]]) 22:09, 12 June 2017 (UTC)
*[[User:Nlambrec|Nlambrec]] ([[User talk:Nlambrec|talk]]) 21:27, 17 February 2019 (UTC)

Prior Approval required – Is this procedure hazardous enough to warrant prior approval from the Laboratory Director? X YES ☐ NO
Laboratory Director - Dave Bridges Revision Date - 2016-10-19

SOP - Centrifuge Safety

2019-02-17T21:16:05Z

Nlambrec: /* Certification */

[[ Category: SOP ]]
[[ Category: Lab Safety ]]

==Description==
This standard operating procedure outlines the use of centrifuges. Review this document and supply the information required in order to make it specific to your laboratory. In accordance with this document, laboratories should use appropriate controls and personal protective equipment when using centrifuges.

Centrifuges are machines used to separate solids from liquids in a suspension. The spinning motion of a centrifuge produces centrifugal forces that separate substances of greater and lesser densities.

==Potential Hazards==
The centrifuge must be loaded carefully balanced. An unbalanced load may present a risk to both the machine and to persons nearby. Centrifuge rotors should never be touched while the rotor is spinning, as they present a significant personal risk when in motion. Another potential hazard is the possible aerosolization of harmful samples during centrifuge operation.

==Engineering Controls==
If centrifuging hazardous materials, care should be taken to use tightly capped tubes and/or sealable safety cups or rotors that can be loaded and unloaded in a fume hood or biosafety cabinet, depending on the hazard.

==Work Practice Controls==
The following information may be integrated into a lab-specific standard operating procedure (SOP) for centrifuge use.

1. ''Preventive Maintenance''

A. Establish preventive maintenance schedule: Including regular cleaning of centrifuge interior to prevent damage and avoid costly repairs. Reference centrifuge operator’s manual or contact manufacturer for guidance.

Equipment repair and adjustments shall only be conducted by qualified service technicians.

B. Maintain log book: For all high speed centrifuges and ultracentrifuges include run dates, durations, speeds, total rotor revolutions, and notes on rotor condition.

Retire rotors after manufacturer’s recommended life span except where annual stress test demonstrates absence of structural flaws. Note: Rotor life span may be reduced or warranty voided if autoclaved; contact manufacturer for guidance.

2. ''Planning for Use''

A. Complete lab-specific training for the centrifuge.

B. Wear appropriate PPE: Including safety eyewear, gloves, lab coat, and appropriate street clothing (i.e., long pants and closed-toe shoes). Ensure gloves are compatible with hazard(s).

C. Inspect centrifuge:
* Ensure tubes are rated for intended use (speed, temperature, and chemical resistance).
* Ensure rotor is compatible with centrifuge and seated on the drive correctly.
* Ensure rotor and safety cups/buckets are free of cracks and deformities.
* Ensure rotor O-ring is not cracked, missing, or worn.
* Ensure safety cups/buckets are attached correctly and able to move freely.

Contact a qualified service technician if inspection identifies centrifuge components requiring repair or replacement.

D. Prepare centrifuge tubes for loading:
* Inspect centrifuge tubes before use.
* Follow manufacturer’s filling limits for tubes. Do not overfill or underfill tubes.
* For biohazardous materials, disinfect outside of tubes prior to removal from biosafety cabinet and loading into rotor.

When centrifuging hazardous materials, use tightly capped tubes and/or sealable safety cups or rotors that can be loaded and unloaded in a fume hood or biosafety cabinet, depending on hazard. If a specific procedure does not allow for this, contact Occupational Safety and Environmental Health (OSEH) at (734) 647-1143 for guidance.

E. Use in-line filter: For high speed centrifuges and ultracentrifuges, use in-line filters to prevent contamination of vacuum pump and pump oil. Provide secondary containment for vacuum pump.

3. ''Centrifuge Operation''

A. Balance centrifuge: Follow manufacturer’s instructions for proper centrifuge balancing steps.

B. Start run
* Do not leave centrifuge until full operating speed is reached and it appears to be running safely without incident.
* Stop centrifuge immediately if you notice any unusual noises or shaking. Confirm rotor is balanced.

To prevent rotor failure, do not exceed maximum speed and maximum mass limits for the rotor. You must reduce rotor speed if sample density calculations indicate maximum mass limits will be exceeded; contact manufacturer for guidance.

4 ''Sample Removal''

A. Stop run: Ensure centrifuge comes to complete stop before opening cover. When centrifuging hazardous materials, wait at least 10 minutes after run to allow aerosols to settle before opening centrifuge.

B. Check for leaks/spills: In samples, rotor, safety cups/buckets, and centrifuge well.

C. Open sealable tubes/safety cups/rotors: Wear appropriate PPE and open inside fume hood or biosafety cabinet, depending on hazard.

==Personal Protective Equipment==
When operating the centrifuge, proper eye protection (glasses/goggles), gloves, lab coat, and close-toe footwear should be worn. Gloves should be appropriate for the present hazard.

==Waste Disposal==
Centrifuge Disposal

1. For biohazardous materials, clean/disinfect centrifuge and remove/cross out biohazard sticker. Attach note on centrifuge describing what has been done.

2. For radioactive materials, request radiation safety survey and signage before disposal of centrifuge.

==Exposures/Unintended Contact==

If the employee is in need of emergency medical attention, call 911 immediately.

Contact OSEH for advice on symptoms of chemical exposure, or assistance in performing an exposure assessment.

Report all work related accidents, injuries, illnesses or exposures to WorkConnections within 24 hours by completing and submitting the Illness and Injury Report Form. Follow the directions on the WorkConnections website Forms Instructions to obtain proper medical treatment and follow-up.

Complete the OSEH Laboratory Incident and Near-Miss Report form.

TREATMENT FACILITIES:
U-M Occupational Health Services -- Campus Employees
Mon-Fri 7:30 am - 4:30 pm
After hours - go to UM Hospital Emergency Dept. – Urgent Care Clinic
C380 Med Inn building
1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor (734) 764-8021
University Health Services -- University students (non-life threatening conditions)
Mon-Fri 8 am – 4:30 pm, Sat 9 am – 12 pm
Contact for current hours as they may vary
207 Fletcher Street, Ann Arbor (734) 764-8320
UMHS Emergency Department -- after clinic hours or on weekends
1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, (734) 936-6666
Click here for more information.

==Spill Procedure==
1. Mechanical Failure

Turn off centrifuge immediately and unplug power cord. Do not use centrifuge again until inspected by qualified service technician.

2. Hazardous Material Spill/Exposure

A. Turn off centrifuge immediately. Keep centrifuge cover closed for at least 30 minutes to reduce aerosolization of hazardous material.

B. Follow spill, exposure, and incident reporting instructions.
* For chemical, radioactive, and biohazard spills, contact OSEH at (734) 647-1143 for assistance and guidance.

Remember:
* Conduct rotor or safety cup/bucket cleanup in nearest biosafety cabinet or fume hood, depending on hazard.
* Use tongs or forceps to avoid contact with sharp-edged debris.
* Avoid alkaline cleaners for aluminum centrifuge components.
* Avoid abrasive wire brushes for cleaning.

Report all emergencies, suspicious activity, injuries, spills, and fires to the University of Michigan Division of Public Safety and Security (DPSS) by calling 911 or texting 377911. Register with the University of Michigan Emergency Alert System via Wolverine Access.

==Training of Personnel==
All personnel are required to complete the General Laboratory Safety Training session (BLS025w or equivalent) via OSEH’s My LINC website. Furthermore, all personnel shall read and fully adhere to this SOP when handling centrifuges.

==Certification==
I have read and understand the above SOP. I agree to contact my Supervisor or Lab manager if I plan to modify this procedure. Sign by logging in and typing <nowiki>* ~~~~</nowiki> in the list below:

* [[User:Ccousz|Ccousz]] ([[User talk:Ccousz|talk]]) 17:19, 14 October 2016 (UTC)
*[[User:Iharvey|Iharvey]] ([[User talk:Iharvey|talk]]) 21:18, 10 November 2016 (UTC)
*[[User:Pfeiferl|Pfeiferl]] ([[User talk:Pfeiferl|talk]]) 18:09, 5 June 2017 (UTC)
* [[User:Snyderds|Snyderds]] ([[User talk:Snyderds|talk]]) 18:49, 7 June 2017 (UTC)
*[[User:Reddj|Reddj]] ([[User talk:Reddj|talk]]) 14:01, 9 June 2017 (UTC)
* [[User:Elhabbal|Elhabbal]] ([[User talk:Elhabbal|talk]]) 21:59, 12 June 2017 (UTC)
*[[User:Mollyec|Mollyec]] ([[User talk:Mollyec|talk]]) 14:50, 13 June 2017 (UTC)
*[[User:Nlambrec|Nlambrec]] ([[User talk:Nlambrec|talk]]) 21:16, 17 February 2019 (UTC)

Prior Approval required – Is this procedure hazardous enough to warrant prior approval from the Laboratory Director? ☐ YES ☒ NO

Laboratory Director - Dave Bridges Revision Date - 2016-10-14

SOP - Bleach

2019-02-17T21:08:16Z

Nlambrec: /* Certification */

[[ Category: SOP ]]
[[ Category: Lab Safety ]]

==Description==
This standard operating procedure outlines the handling and use of bleach. Review this document and supply the information required in order to make it specific to your laboratory. In accordance with this document, laboratories should use appropriate controls, personal protective equipment, and disposal techniques when handling bleach.
This document is modified from http://www.oseh.umich.edu/docs/SOP/Bleach.docx

Bleach is a general term that typically refers to an aqueous mixture that has a primary active ingredient of either Sodium Hypochlorite or Calcium Hypochlorite and usually at concentrations of 3 - 10%. Bleach is used primarily as an oxidizing, cleaning, or a bleaching agent, as a disinfectant or within drinking water and waste water purification systems.

Synonyms of bleach include sodium hypochlorite, Clorox, liquid bleach, antiformin, chlorox, Carrel-dakin solution, Chloros, Dakin’s solution, hychlorite, Javelle water.

==Useful Bleach Links==
* http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/tfacts184.pdf
* http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/Mhmi/mmg184.pdf
* http://www.asc.co.id/uplimg/File/03%20zMSDS_NaClO_ASC%20R3.pdf
* http://www.cl2.com/documents/Incompatibility%20Chart.pdf

==Potential Hazards==
* Corrosive. May cause severe irritation or damage to eyes or skin. Vapor may irritate eyes and respiratory tract.
* Incompatible with many chemicals/agents. Hazardous gases (including chlorine and chloramines) may be released if bleach is mixed with an incompatible material.
* Exposure to these gases can cause coughing, shortness of breath, irritation to, or burning of the eyes, nose, and throat, chest pain, wheezing, fluid in the lungs, and nausea. Chlorine can also be absorbed through the skin and cause pain, inflammation, swelling, and blistering.
* Strong oxidizer. May initiate or promote combustion in other materials.

==Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs)==
* MIOSHA: 0.5 ppm Chlorine (from sodium hypochlorite), 8-hour PEL
* MIOSHA: 1 ppm Chlorine (from sodium hypochlorite), 15-minute STEL
* AIHA (WEEL): 2 mg/m3 Sodium Hypochlorite, 15-minute STEL

==Engineering Controls==
* An eyewash/drench hose combination unit must be available in the immediate work area for any work with corrosive materials, including bleach.
* If large quantities will be used, a safety shower will also be necessary. Contact OSEH at (734) 647-1143 for a determination of the need for a safety shower if there is not one available.
* Depending on the material’s pH or based on its ability to cause severe tissue damage, e.g., formaldehyde, methylene chloride, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP), phenol, etc., the location of the emergency shower and/or emergency eyewash shall be within 25 to 100 feet from the hazardous operation.
* A system of local and/or general exhaust is recommended to keep employee exposures below MIOSHA Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL). Local exhaust ventilation (LEV) is generally preferred because it can control the emissions of the contaminant at its source, preventing dispersion of it into the general work area. Contact OSEH at (734) 647-1143 for a determination of the need for an LEV system, if there is not one available.

==Work Practice Controls==
* ALWAYS review the SDS of both bleach and any chemicals/agents before mixing them with bleach to ensure compatibility. A general list of incompatible materials can be found here.
* NEVER mix bleach with an unknown liquid or unknown residue.
* Do not mix bleach with any compound that is incompatible with oxidizers.
* Purchase bleach in the smallest containers that are practical for lab use.
* Work with the smallest practicable amount and lowest practicable concentration.

==Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)==
In order to select the appropriate PPE for the workplace, a Hazard Assessment is conducted. The hazard assessment determines the hazards and potential hazards associated with a task, machinery, or process. The appropriate PPE for the situation may be subsequently determined. The Hazard Assessment Form may be found here. It may be completed either by the workplace supervisor or the department’s OSEH representative.
* Personal protective equipment is especially important. Wear a buttoned lab coat, safety glasses (that meet the requirements of ANSI/ISEA Z87.1) or goggles if splashing may occur, and gloves for any work with bleach. Depending on the quantities and concentrations used, a face shield, impenetrable, chemical apron and sleeves (or coverall), and special gloves may be recommended.
* Should adequate dilution ventilation or LEV be present, respiratory protection should not be necessary. However, in the absence of these and when MIOSHA PEL, or other published occupational exposures limits (OEL) are anticipated to be exceeded, respiratory protection may be necessary. Contact OSEH at (734) 647-1143 for a determination of the need for a respirator.

==Transportation and Storage==
* Transport concentrated bleach solutions in secondary containment, preferably a polyethylene or other non-reactive acid/solvent bottle carrier.
* Store in well-ventilated areas with secondary containment, such as a non-reactive plastic bin.
* Store below eye level.
* Store away from metal (unless the metal has a corrosion-proof coating), and do not store under the sink.
* Store away from incompatibles and flammable materials. Always review the SDS of other chemicals in the storage area for compatibility with bleach.
* Avoid storing on the floor. If storing on the floor is necessary, use secondary containment.

==Waste Disposal==
If the bleach solution is at a household concentration or less, i.e., a maximum 10% concentration of sodium hypochlorite, and was used for disinfecting, limit discharges down a laboratory sink to less than 1-gallon (approx. 3.8 L). If the concentration was >10% and was used for disinfecting, limit the sink disposal to less than 2-cups (approx. 500 mL) of bleach solution. Also flush the drain with adequate volumes of water.

This does not apply to “waste” bleach, e.g., unused or expired bleach. Any leftover, unused product or expired bleach not used as intended by the manufacturer, or used as a disinfectant, needs be collected by OSEH Hazardous Materials Management (HMM) for proper disposal. Contact OSEH-HMM at (734) 763-4568 for waste containers, labels, manifests, and waste collection. Also refer to the OSEH Hazardous Waste webpage for more information.

==Exposures/Unintended Contact==
If the employee is in need of emergency medical attention, call 911 immediately.

In general, flush affected eyes or skin with water for at least 15 minutes, then seek medical attention (see below).
* Eyes: In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical aid.
* Skin: In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical aid. Wash clothing before reuse.
* Ingestion: Get medical aid immediately. Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. If vomiting occurs naturally, have victim lean forward. Wash mouth with water, and then give plenty of milk or water to drink and obtain urgent medical attention.
* Inhalation: If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. Get medical aid.

Contact OSEH for advice on symptoms of chemical exposure, or assistance in performing an exposure assessment.

Report all work related accidents, injuries, illnesses or exposures to WorkConnections within 24 hours by completing and submitting the Illness and Injury Report Form. Follow the directions on the WorkConnections website Forms Instructions to obtain proper medical treatment and follow-up.

Complete the OSEH Laboratory Incident and Near-Miss Report form.

==Treatment Facilities==
* U-M Occupational Health Services -- Campus Employees
Mon-Fri 7:30 am - 4:30 pm
After hours - go to UM Hospital Emergency Dept. – Urgent Care Clinic
C380 Med Inn building
1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor (734) 764-8021
* University Health Services -- University students (non-life threatening conditions)
Mon-Fri 8 am – 4:30 pm, Sat 9 am – 12 pm
Contact for current hours as they may vary
207 Fletcher Street, Ann Arbor (734) 764-8320
* UMHS Emergency Department -- after clinic hours or on weekends
1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, (734) 936-6666

==Spill Procedures==
* When a spill occurs, personal safety should always come first.
* Alert and clear everyone in the immediate area where the spill occurred.

A minor (small) chemical spill is one that the laboratory staff is capable of handling safely without the assistance of safety and emergency personnel, i.e., less than 1 Gallon or 3.5 Liters. A major/large chemical spill requires active assistance from emergency personnel.

For minor (small) spills
* Use proper personal protective equipment as indicated above.
* Absorb the spilled bleach using an absorbent, non-combustible material such as appropriate sorbent pads, sand, or vermiculite. Do not use combustible materials such as sawdust.
* Collect residue, place in container and contact OSEH-HMM (734) 763-4568 for proper disposal.

For major (large) spills
Report large chemical spills greater than 1 gallon or 3.5 liters in corridors or common areas, e.g., hallways, elevators, eating areas, rest rooms, offices, etc., to University of Michigan Division of Public Safety and Security (DPSS) by calling 911.

Additional Spill Response Steps:

===Minor Chemical Spill===
* Alert people in immediate area of spill.
* Open outside windows, if possible.
* Wear protective equipment, including safety goggles, gloves and long-sleeve lab coat.
* Avoid breathing vapors from spill.
* Confine spill to as small an area as possible.
* Do not wash spill down the drain.
* Use appropriate spill kits/sorbents to neutralize corrosives and/or absorb spill. Collect contaminated materials and residues and place in container. For powdered chemicals sweep carefully to avoid generation of dust or, if appropriate, use moist sorbent pads or wet the powder with a suitable solvent and then wipe with a dry cloth. Contact OSEH-HMM (734) 763-4568 for proper disposal.
* Clean spill area with water.

===Major Chemical Spill===
* Attend to injured or contaminated persons and remove them from exposure.
* Alert people in the laboratory to evacuate.
* Close doors to affected area.
* Post warnings to keep people from entering the area.
* Have person available that has knowledge of incident and laboratory to assist emergency personnel.

===Additional Spill Links===
* http://www.oseh.umich.edu/pdf/chemspil.pdf
* http://www.oseh.umich.edu/emer-chemical.shtml

Report all emergencies, suspicious activity, injuries, spills, and fires to the University of Michigan Division of Public Safety and Security (DPSS) by calling 911 or texting 377911. Register with the University of Michigan Emergency Alert System via Wolverine Access.

==Training of Personnel==
All personnel are required to complete the General Laboratory Safety Training session (BLS025w or equivalent) via OSEH’s My LINC website. Furthermore, all personnel shall read and fully adhere to this SOP when handling bleach.

==Certification==
I have read and understand the above SOP. I agree to contact my Supervisor or Lab manager if I plan to modify this procedure. Sign by logging in and typing <nowiki>* ~~~~</nowiki> in the list below:

* [[User:Reddj|Reddj]] ([[User talk:Reddj|talk]]) 16:42, 12 October 2016 (UTC)
* [[User:Ccousz|Ccousz]] ([[User talk:Ccousz|talk]])
*[[User:Iharvey|Iharvey]] ([[User talk:Iharvey|talk]]) 21:17, 10 November 2016 (UTC)
* [[User:Snyderds|Snyderds]] ([[User talk:Snyderds|talk]]) 18:47, 7 June 2017 (UTC)
* [[User:Elhabbal|Elhabbal]] ([[User talk:Elhabbal|talk]]) 21:45, 12 June 2017 (UTC)
*[[User:Mollyec|Mollyec]] ([[User talk:Mollyec|talk]]) 14:52, 13 June 2017 (UTC)
*[[User:Nlambrec|Nlambrec]] ([[User talk:Nlambrec|talk]]) 21:08, 17 February 2019 (UTC)
Prior Approval required – Is this procedure hazardous enough to warrant prior approval from the Laboratory Director? ☐ YES ☒ NO

Laboratory Director - Dave Bridges Revision Date - 2016-07-26